Translations and languages
List of languages
- Abazin – Russian Federation
- Abkhaz – Georgia, Russian Federation, Turkey
- Acholi – Uganda, Sudan
- Adangme – Ghana
- Adyghe – Russian Federation
- Afar – Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia
- Afrikaans – South Africa
- Allagish – Turkey
- Agmari – India
- Akan – see Ashanti
- Akkadian – Mesopotamia
- Albanian – Albania, Italy, Macedonia, Turkey
- Amharic – Ethiopia
- Andrah – India
- Arabic – Middle East (e.g. Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Yemen), Maghreb (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia), other Muslim countries, Spain
- Armenian – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, other parts of former USSR
- Ashanti/Asante (Twi, Akan language group) - Ghana, Ivory Coast
- Assam – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India
- Awar – Russian Federation, Azerbaijan
- Azeri – Azerbaijan, Iran
- Baatomun – Benin, Nigeria
- Bambara – Mali, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and several other West African areas
- Bamum – West Africa (e.g. Cameroon)
- Bari – Sudan
- Bashkir – Russian Federation
- Bassar – Cameroon, Togo
- Basque – France, Spain
- Baule – Ivory Coast
- Bedouin – Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates, Yemen
- Belorussian – Belarus, Lithuania
- Bemba – Zambia, Congo DR, Tanzania
- Bembe – Congo PR
- Bengali – Bangladesh, India
- Berber – several areas in Northern Africa (e.g. Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia)
- Beti – Cameroon
- Bhojpuri – India
- Bihari – India, Nepal
- Bisa – Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo
- Bulgarian – Bulgaria, parts of Greece, Moldova, Romania, Ukraine
- Bulu – Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
- Buryat – Russian Federation, Mongolia
- Burmese – Myanmar
- Catalan – Andorra, France, Spain
- Chagga – Tanzania, East Africa
- Chechen – Russian Federation
- Cherkess – Russian Federation
- Chewa – Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
- Chinese – China, Taiwan
- Chaungtha – see Khiongtha
- Chuvash – Russian Federation, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan
- Creole – Bahamas, Belize, Dominican Republic, French Antilles, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Marie-Galante, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago (NB: the various countries and areas have their own Creole languages. Thus Haitian Creole differs from Trinidadian Creole, etc)
- Croatian – see Serbian/Croatian
- Czech – Czech Republic, Serbia and Montenegro
- Danish – Denmark
- Dargin – Russian Federation
- Digor (dialect of Ossetian) – Russian Federation
- Dolgan – Russian Federation
- Duala – Cameroon
- Dutch – Belgium, France, Germany, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Suriname
- Efik – Nigeria
- Egyptian, Ancient – Ancient Egypt
- English – Australia, Canada, Caribbean, Antigua and Barbuda, Hawaii, Jamaica, Ireland, New Zealand, Philippines, UK, USA, many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Estonian – Estonia and surrounding regions
- Fang – Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon
- Filipino (Tagalog) – Philippines
- Finnish – Finland
- Fiote – Angola and Cabinda, Congo DR, Gabon
- Flemish – Belgium
- Fon – Benin, Togo
- Frafra – Ghana, Burkina Faso
- French – Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Monaco, Switzerland, USA, many countries (formerly) governed by France
- Frisian – Netherlands, Germany
- Fulfulde – West Africa (e.g. Nigeria, Senegal; also spread as far as Sudan)
- Ga – Ghana
- Gagauz – Moldova, Russian Federation
- Galla – see Oromo
- Ganda – Uganda
- German – Austria, Germany, Switzerland, USA (Pennsylvania)
- Gikuyu/Kikuyu – Kenya
- Giryama – Kenya
- Greek – Greece
- Georgian – Georgia, Israel
- Guaraní – Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
- Hausa – West Africa (e.g. Niger, Ghana, Togo, Burkina Faso, Mali, and as far as Sudan)
- Haya – Tanzania, Uganda
- Hebrew – Israel (and spoken by Jews elsewhere in the Middle East, e.g. in Iraq, Morocco, Turkey, Yemen etc, and elsewhere in the world at large)
- Hehe – Tanzania
- Hindi – India
- Hungarian – Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Yugoslavia and Montenegro
- Icelandic – Iceland
- Igbo – Nigeria
- Ikwere – Nigeria
- Ila – Zambia
- Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) – Indonesia
- Inuit, Inuktitut – CanadaIrish – Ireland
- Italian – France (including Corsica), Italy, Switzerland
- Jaba – Liberia, Nigeria
- Japanese – Japan
- Kabardino-Cherkess – Russian Federation, Turkey
- Karachay-Balkar – Russian Federation, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgysztan, Uzbekistan
- Kalmuk – Russian Federation
- Kamba – Kenya
- Kanuri – Niger, Nigeria
- Karakalpak – Russian Federation, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
- Karelian – Russian Federation
- Kashmiri – India, Pakistan
- Kazakh – Afghanistan, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
- Khakass/Chakas – Russian Federation
- Khmer – Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam
- Khiongtha – Bangladesh, India
- Kirghiz – Afghanistan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
- Komi – Russian Federation
- Kongo/Kikongo – Congo DR
- Korean – China, North and South Korea, Japan
- Krio – Sierra Leone
- Kru – Ivory Coast, Liberia
- Kumyk – Russian Federation, Turkey, Kazakhstan
- Kundu – Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, Togo
- Kurdish – Armenia, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey
- Kweli – Cameroon
- Ladino – spoken by Sefardic Jews in the Balkans, Middle East (e.g. Libya, Iraq, Israel), Maghreb (e.g. Morocco, Tunisia), Greece, Turkey
- Lak – Russian Federation
- Lao – Laos
- Latin – former Roman Empire
- Latvian – Latvia
- Lega – Congo DR
- Letzeburgish – Luxembourg
- Lezgian – Azerbaijan, Russian Federation
- Lingala – Congo DR
- Lithuanian – Lithuania
- Lokaniti – Myanmar
- Luba – Congo DR
- Lunda – Angola, Congo DR, Zambia
- Luo – Kenya, Uganda
- Macedonian – Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia
- Makua – Mozambique
- Malagasy – Madagascar and adjacent islands
- Malay – Malaysia
- Malayalam – India
- Maltese – Malta
- Mamprusi-Mampruli – Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo
- Mandinka – West Africa (e.g. Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Mali, Senegal)
- Maori – Cook Islands, New Zealand
- Mapuche – Argentina, Chile
- Marathi – India
- Masai, Maasai – East Africa (e.g. Kenya, Tanzania)
- Mboshi – Congo PR
- Mende – Liberia, Sierra Leone
- Minangkabau – Indonesia, Malaysia
- Minyanka – Mali
- Moldovan/Moldavian – Moldova
- Mongo – Congo DR
- Mongolian – China, Mongolia
- Moore, see Mossi
- Moorish – Algeria, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Senegal, Spain
- Mordvin – Russian Federation
- Mossi/Moore – West Africa (e.g. Burkina Faso)
- Multani – India, Pakistan
- Nama – Namibia
- Nandi – Kenya
- Ndebele – South Africa, Zimbabwe
- Nenets – Russian Federation
- Neo-Aramaic – Iraq
- Nepali/Nepalese – Bhutan, Nepal
- Ngaka Bali-Nyonga (dialect of Mungaka) – Cameroon
- Ngbaka – Central African Republic
- Ngwana – Congo DR
- Nubian/Nobiin – Sudan, Egypt
- Nogay – Russian Federation
- Norwegian – Norway
- Nubian/Nobiin – Egypt, Sudan
- Nyanja – Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia
- Oromo – Ethiopia, Kenya
- Ossetian – Georgia, Russian Federation
- Ovambo – Angola, Namibia
- Palaung – China, Myanmar
- Papiamentu – Aruba, Caribbean, Netherlands Antilles, Suriname
- Pashto/Pashtu – Afghanistan, Pakistan
- Persian – Iran
- Pidgin (i.e. Jamaican Pidgin) – Jamaica (NB Various countries have their own Pidgin languages)
- Polish – Poland
- Portuguese – Brazil, Portugal including (former) Portuguese colonial territories, Spain
- Punjabi – India, Pakistan
- Quecha – Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru
- Rajasthani – India
- Romanian – Moldova, Romania
- Ronga – Mozambique, South Africa, Zimbabwe
- Rundi – Burundi
- Russian – Russian Federation and other former republics of USSR/sovjet sphere of influence
- Rwanda/Kinyarwanda – Burundi, Congo DR, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania
- Sanskrit – India
- Sara – Central African Republic, Chad, Sudan
- Scottish – UK
- Sena – Malawi, Mozambique
- Senufo – Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso
- Serbian – see Serbian/Croatian
- Serbian/Croatian (now known as Serbian, Croatian or Bosnian, depending on the ethnicity of the speaker) – Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Yugoslavia and Montenegro
- Shona – Zimbabwe
- Shor – Russian Federation
- Sinhalese – India, Maldives, Sri Lanka
- Slovak – Slovakia
- Slovenian – Austria, Italy, Slovene
- Somali – Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia
- Songye – Congo DR
- Sorbian – Germany
- Sotho – Botswana, Lesotho, South Africa
- Spanish – both Americas (e.g. Antigua and Barbuda,
- Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela), Morocco, Philippines, Spain including Canary Islands
- Sranan/Sranantongo – Aruba, Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles, Suriname
- Sukuma – Tanzania
- Sumerian – Mesopotamia
- Swahili – East Africa (e.g. Congo DR, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar)
- Swedish – Finland, Sweden
- Swiss – Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Switzerland
- Tagalog – see Filipino
- Tajik – Afghanistan, China, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
- Tamashek – West Sahara
- Tamil – India, Sri Lanka
- Tangut – China
- Tatar – Bulgaria, China, Romania, Russian Federation, Turkey
- Tati – Azerbaijan, Iran, Russian Federation
- Telegu – Bahrain, Fiji, India, Malaysia, Mauritius, Singapore
- Thai – Thailand
- Tibetan – Buthan, India, Nepal, Tibet
- Tigrinya – Ethiopia, Eritrea
- Tiv – Nigeria
- Tonga – Zambia, Zimbabwe
- Tsonga – South Africa, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zimbabwe
- Tswana – Botswana, South Africa
- Tumbuka – Malawi, Zambia
- Turkish – Cyprus, Turkey, also elsewhere in Europe and the Middle East
- Turkmen - Turkmenistan
- Twi – see Ashanti
- Udmurt – Russian Federation
- Ukrainian – Ukraine
- Umbundu – Angola
- Urdu – India, Pakistan
- Uyghur – China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Uzbekistan
- Uzbek – Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
- Vai – Liberia, Sierra Leone
- Venda – South Africa
- Vietnamese – Vietnam
- Welsh – UK (Wales)
- Wolof – Gambia, Senegal
- Woyo – Congo DR
- Xhosa – South Africa
- Yaka – Congo DR
- Yakut – Russian Federation
- Yiddish – most countries with a Jewish population in Europe (e.g. Netherlands, Russian Federation), Israel
- Yoruba – Benin, Nigeria, Togo
- Zulu – South Africa, Swaziland
